Collaborative Learning and Teams

The value of active, collaborative learning is a key “best practices” theme.  And it overlaps with a major theme we heard from employer representatives in a series of listening sessions my law school held a few years ago.  Public interest, government,  firms  — they all wanted our graduates to know how to work in teams and manage complex projects.

Law schools have traditionally given students few opportunities to work in teams.  And even the few opportunities available –moot court or clinic partnerships– typically haven’t come with instruction on how to work well in teams.  With the help of our wonderful reference staff — a shout out to Mary Whisner, just awarded the UW’s Distinguished Librarian award –  I’ve been trolling for resources for instruction on teamwork.  So thought I’d share a few finds:

MIT’s Teaching and Learning Laboratory has several useful handouts “developed for an undergraduate course in professional communication in which students work together in teams of three or four on semester-long projects.”

See http://web.mit.edu/tll/teaching-materials/teamwork/index.html

Working in teams is much more common in business schools and there’s a literature on it, including:

Hansen, Randall S.,Benefits and Problems With Student Teams: Suggestions for Improving Team Projects. Journal of Education for Business; Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 82 Issue 1, p11-19

Vik, Gretchen N., Doing More to Teach Teamwork Than Telling Students to Sink or Swim., Business Communication Quarterly, Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 112-119 , Dec. 2001

And, of course,  it’s a big item in the business literature.

Polzer, Jeffrey T, Making Diverse Teams Click. Harvard Business Review; Jul-Aug2008, Vol. 86 Issue 7/8, p20-21

Cultural Knowledge, Intercultural Communication and Self Awareness

I have posted several blogs about ideas involving intercultural communication, cultural knowlege and self awareness.    At the risk of engaging in shameless self-promotion, I would like to announce that my article on these issues just came out as part of the Wash U. Symposium on “Emerging Directions in Clinical Legal Education” ( I know many call these ideas “cultural competence”, but if you read my article you will know why I eschew that terminology…) (more…)

First Year Practicum Course

My colleague Jenny Moore permitted me to post this course description for Practicum.  She, Alfred Mathewson and  Sergio Pareja are each teaching one section of First Year Contracts.    The Practicum is a one credit course connected to  Contracts.  Here is her description: 

University of New Mexico School of Law Practicum course (Fall 2008)   

 

OVERVIEW:  The goal of the first year year Practicum is to give our students a chance to begin to develop their practical lawyering skills as well as their ethical and professional sensibilities alongside the analytical skills they are honing in their doctrinal courses.  We chose to link Practicum to Contracts, one of our three first semester doctrinal courses, so that we could develop hypothetical exercises that built upon a particular substantive law foundation, and so that three professors could collaborate closely in teaching the course.  Thus we created a “paper client,” Elaine Lobato, who is involved in an employment contract dispute, and we generated various practice-related exercises designed to help students think in practical ways about client representation. 

 

    MOORE section (please note that the other sections incorporated some of these elements as well, or generated their own exercises and assignments):

 

    This section of Practicum regularly broke into small groups, either two groups of 20 students, or three groups of 13.  These groups were led by the instructor, her 2L teaching assistant and invited guest facilitators, including other faculty and staff members.

 

    Hypothetical exercises:

 

    1.  The first exercise was a mock interview of the client, Elaine Lobato (played by a 3L student actor) by her attorney, Atticus Finch (a 2L actor).  Our Practicum students observed the interview, and then were given the opportunity to ask the client additional questions to help draw out the factual basis for her potential claim.  This first exercise focused on the importance of building a trust relationship with the client, as well as thorough fact development. 

    2.  Second, the students were asked to draft a letter to Ms. Lobato, as her potential attorney, offering to represent her and clearly defining the scope of representation.  This second exercise focused on the need to clearly define the issues and the role that the attorney is taking on, whether initial research, negotiations, filing a law suit, defense against a particular law suit or law suits, etc. 

    3.  The third assignment asked the students to draft a letter from Ms. Lobato to the local Board of Education, in which she sought to accept an offer of employment.  This third exercise focused on the importance of careful drafting, to ensure that the various elements of an agreement are present, including essential terms.

    4.  The fourth assignment then required the students to analyze Ms. Lobato’s letter to the Board of Education and other related communications in terms of the validity of the writings under the Statute of Frauds.  This exercise was designed to help students apply common law and statutory requirements to a particular set of facts, and to develop creative legal strategies for seeking a particular outcome.

 

    In addition to these four skills-based exercises, this year’s Practicum gave our students the opportunity to attend presentations by lawyers working in various fields, and to ask them questions about their career experiences.  One attorney talked about the case of Delgado v. Phelps Dodge, a wrongful death case that she ultimately brought to the New Mexico Supreme Court, which served to narrow the scope of employer immunity from tort liability for workplace injury.  Another attorney will speak with our students about his commercial and tort-related practice, encompassing transactional work, as well as the defense of catastrophic injury and medical malpractice claims.  Finally, our students attended a lecture by Sian Elias, Chief Justice of the New Zealand Supreme Court, who spoke about the rights of indigenous people from a comparative law perspective.  Her lecture was of considerable relevance to our students interested in concentrating in the field of Indian Law as well as those whose New Mexico practice will require an understanding of the interrelationships between Indian law, state law, federal law and regional/international law.

 

    Finally, Practicum has created several opportunities for students to think about the practice of law in a broader human context.  One of the sections developed a mini “Law and Literature” unit, in which students selected a work of fiction or non-fiction grappling with justice issues in a particular historical or cultural setting.  Students selected among three books – A Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest Gaines, looking at issues of race and criminal justice; The Welsh Girl, by Peter Ho Davies, revolving around a German POW camp in a Welsh town during the Second World War; and Benjamin Cardozo’s Nature of the Judicial Process, reflecting on the historical evolution of legal precedent.  Before the semester is out, our students will have the opportunity to reflect on their own career goals, and the ways in which they hope to engage their values in the practice of law. 

 

 

Best Practices and Math for Lawyers

 I have been getting some feedback from members of the bar that recent graduates are not as savvy about math and accounting as they have been in the past.  I was assured it was not just UNM graduates, but it made me think about the recommendation in Best Practices to prepare students for the practice of law  and that law schools should develop a curriculum relevant to that goal.   HMMM…math is pretty important to the practice of law…and I teach Family Law, which involves a LOT of math…in reviewing and presenting budgets, in allocating property, in figuring out pension divisions, in calculating child support and alimony.  I realized that I don’t specifically list accuracy in math calculations and understanding of the mathematical principles underlying the legal issues on my list of learning objectives on my syllabus.   That is going to change… 

This semester, I told my students that the final examination will have at least one problem requiring substantial mathematical calculations.  They may take their calculator into the exam (otherwise it is closed book).    And, I am spending a little more time giving them math related problems (e.g. pension allocation, child support, etc) to work on as homework or in small group and I am spending  a little more class time discussing them.   I look forward to seeing how they do on the exam!

Bar Passage and Best Practices for Legal Education

My colleague Alfred Mathewson always makes me think.  He came back from the American Bar Association  Bar Exam Passage conference last week.  He had attended the Crossroads conference at the University of Washington too.  He had some interesting observations.  He said there were several schools that were creating “tracks” for students in the lower end of the class rank to focus them very specifically on legal analysis skills.  (more…)

Almost No Correlation between Scholarship Production and Teaching Effectiveness

I hesitated to post this now because I really want to see some creative feedback on the previous post from Carolyn Grose! Please DO RESPOND to Carolyn’s excellent post.   

However, this was simply TOO good to wait to share - here’s some news from the TAXLAW BLOG that confirms what Best Practices has been “preaching”! (more…)

Queries from the Best Practices Implementation Committee

We had a fantastic time in Seattle a few weeks ago, and I for one felt reinvigorated and excited about this great project we’re all involved in — you know, the one about totally reforming legal education? What we didn’t get either from the Best Practices Meets Reality workshop (see my earlier post on September 9th) was much discussion about the following questions.  So I’d be very interested in seeing if we can generate some dialogue here, and then maybe take it on the road at the next round of conferences. 

Let’s brainstorm and generate concrete ideas about the following:

  • A Best Practices checklist or other instrument for implementing curricular and other law school reform;
  • A Best Practices checklist or other instrument for self- and external assessment of individual courses, teaching methods and law school curricula;
  • Potential obstacles to using Best Practices for change or assessment;
  • How to actively engage law students (and perhaps, where feasible, graduate students in education) in selection of educational objectives, development of creative and sophisticated teaching techniques, and assessment of teaching choices and curricular reforms;
  • The feasibility and desirability of a “Commitment to Best Practices for Legal Education” policy statement for potential adoption by law schools;
  • The feasibility and desirability of developing “Best Practices implementation consultants” to engage with law school faculty and administrators;
  • The feasibility and desirability of developing honors, recognition, and/or awards for legal educators and law schools committed to and actively engaged in implementation of Best Practices strategies and techniques (e.g. a Best Practices Certification Program);
  • How to use – and teach others not at the workshop to use — the Best Practices Blog to learn about innovative legal education, including the experiences of law schools that are using elements of Best Practices;
  • Other vehicles to publicize examples of successful implementation of Best Practices concepts and make available detailed information about outcomes.

What do you all think?

 

Carolyn Grose

Passion, Context, Redux (Part 1)

A fun aspect of getting a few gray hairs: we’re around long enough to see our ideas come to fruition.   Some years ago I wrote about the important role of experiential learning in providing context for law students.  (more…)

More Conversations on Professional Identity

For a number of years I’ve taught a course on Access to Justice that satisfied the externship classroom component requirement. Because we are restructuring our externship program, when I taught the class spring quarter the students who were taking the class only to satisfy the requirement were moved to our new externship course.

Not surprisingly, the class drew a number of students who are planning public interest careers. But it also drew others who have made the decision to work at a firm, but want to be engaged in pro bono public service work. Many of the students were especially drawn to the portions of the course in which we talked about the law school experience and the way it shapes students career aspirations.

As I noted in my post on July 10 I’ve been struck by how hungry many our students seem to be for such conversations. Hungry for Carnegie’s “apprenticeship of professional formation,”  I think.  Both ideas and action on how to weave these issues into the curriculum still seem woefully undeveloped.

Note: For the last several iterations of the course, I’ve used parts of Mahoney, Calmore, and Wildman, Social Justice: Professional Communities and Law, including Chapter 4 on Personal Identity, Role, and Values: Becoming a Lawyer, Staying Yourself. I highly recommend it.

Law Professors and Context-Based Education: The Clinic and the Classroom

New Mexico’s clinical model is quite unusual as far as clinic models go.  All of us who teach in the clinic also teach in the classroom and many faculty members rotate through the clinic.  While the model has its challenges, we think the benefits far outweigh those challenges.  One huge benefit is that faculty members are in touch with how the law actually affects people’s lives, particularly the lives of poor people.  In Best Practices, this is called ”context-based education”, ( p. 141.)  

 

My colleague, Nathalie Martin, has blogged about some of her clinical experiences on the Credit Slips blog.   You will notice that the cases and situations she describes involve clients of the clinic and the way the credit industry seems to target poor, uneducated people.    Professor Martin does not just read about these issues.  She lives them!   Here are links to some of  her blogs:

Liveblogging the SEALS Conference 2008: Revamping the Law School Curriculum

Check it out at:

http://lsi.typepad.com/lsi/2008/07/liveblogging-th.html

Two American Keynotes at International Clinical Conference in Cork, Ireland

Jay Pottenger from Yale and Beryl Blaustone from CUNY gave two of the keynote presentations at the recent International Clinical Conference in Ireland.   The theme of the conference was ”Lighting the Fire:  The Many Roles of Clinical Legal Education”. (Wonderful conference by the way, kudos to the organizers!).  

An exciting thing about the American presentations was the leadership,,, from MacCrate, to Best Practices and Carnegie.   And, while we complain that law schools in the U.S. have not implemented MacCrate as you would expect from such an important report, nearly every law school in the U.S. now has some form of client-service clinic.   It turns out that an important report was published in the United Kingdom by the Lord Chancellor’s Committee for Education and Conduct in 1996 and was followed in 2001 by the Law Society of England and Wales proposing a new  legal educational framework to teach law students knowlege, skills and ethics.  In the wake of these two important reports, some law schools in the United Kingdom responded by including more simulation courses in the curriculum.  Professor Pottenger’s presentation focused on the superiority of client-service clinical models to simulation programs, particular in imparting training on ethics and building on student motivation.  Professor Beryl Blaustone did a masterful job of demonstrating her techniques for providing meaningful feedback to students in a client- service clinical program.   Her technique of asking the student to identify their own issues with their performance and using that as the springboard for the feedback session is very effective.   Her presentation demonstrated that there are simply some things that can only be taught through the supervison and feedback process in a client-service clinic.

This two-day conference included a wealth of papers and from many jurisdictions addressing the philosophy and techniques of clinical legal education in law schools in many countries.  It was a stimulating conference and the Best Practices book was often mentioned.  I was really proud of the leadership that American clinical legal teachers demonstrated at this important conference.  And the two keynotes by Beryl Blaustone and Jay Pottenger did all clinical teachers from the United States proud!   The conference web page is here: http://www.numyspace.co.uk/~unn_mlif1/school_of_law/IJCLE/

Next year’s International Clinical Conference will be in July in Australia!

Peer Assessment

I hate to be one of the first to mention it, but it feels like summer is waning. As much as I love what I do during the academic year, summer break never seems long enough to catch up on what gets back-burnered by the demands of teaching – in my case, teaching students within the context of litigation. Maybe I’m jumping the gun in sensing the nearness of fall. But I’m working on my syllabus. (more…)

A Conversation Circle with Students on Professional Identity

On returning from a women’s retreat in April where we spent some time trying to identify what we long for, I happened to open Parker Palmer’s book, A Hidden Wholeness, looking for a wonderful quote analogizing the soul to a wild animal.  (“If we want to see a wild animal, we know that the last thing we should do is go crashing through the woods yelling for it to come out. But if we will walk quietly into the woods, sit patiently at the base of the tree, breathe with the earth, and fade into our surroundings, the wild creature we seek might put in an appearance.”) On the preceding page I happened to see a reference to “formation.” (more…)

Register for the UW’s Legal Education at the Crossroads Conference

Sorry it’s taken me longer to post this than expected:  The good news:  it was my left shoulder and I’m a right-ie.  The bad news: I’m clumsy, it was a cement floor and my shoulder’s broken.  And all because my internet connection wouldn’t work and I was trying to figure out what was wrong.

You can sign up for the conference and take a look at the preliminary schedule at:

http://www.law.washington.edu/News/Articles/Default.aspx?YR=2008&ID=Crossroads

Registration closes August 22, 2008, but don’t wait to register and make your hotel reservation: The UW’s Husky football team opens their season against BYU on the conference weekend and hotel space in Seattle is going fast.

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